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Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
On 15 December 1917, an armistice was signed between the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire—the Central Powers—on the other.〔A complete English translation of the text of the armistice can be found in Horne 1920, pp. (391–92 )〕 The armistice took effect two days later, on 17 December. (These were 2 December and 4 December, respectively, in the Old Style () calendar in use in Russia at the time.) By this agreement Russia ''de facto'' exited World War I, although fighting would briefly resume before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918 and Russia made peace.
==Ceasefires==
The armistice was preceded by two ceasefire agreements. The first was a local agreement reached at Soly on 4 December (21 November O.S.) between the Russians and Germans on the Eastern Front (Russia's "Western Front"). It superseded any local ceasefires or truces already agreed to—without specifying what these were—and was to be in effect from 6–17 December. Notice of the agreement was published in ''Izvestia'' on 8 December (25 November O.S.).
A fuller ceasefire encompassing all the Central Powers was signed at Brest-Litovsk on 5 December (22 November O.S.), the day after the agreement with Germany at Soly. This ceasefire came into effect a day later (7 December (November O.S. )), but expired on the same date as the local agreement of 4 December. It was published in ''Izvestia'' on the day it came into effect. In Soviet historiography there is some dispute about whether any agreement was signed on 5 December, and the explicit reference in the text of the armistice to a ceasefire of that date is dismissed as an error. That the 5 December agreement is historical is generally agreed. One of the Russian negotiators, L. B. Kamenev, wrote about the details of the agreement in ''Izvestia'' on 9 December (26 November O.S.); and the German general Max Hoffmann discussed it in his war diary.
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